Cash, after tax, once a year. If giving is already part of your plan, or something you’re open to, there is very likely a more efficient way to do it that costs you less and gives more.
This isn’t about deciding whether to give. It’s about making sure that if you already are, or intend to, the structure behind it isn’t quietly leaving money on the table that could have gone further.
Most people who give appreciated investments personally, publicly traded shares, for example, aren’t aware they can donate the shares directly instead of selling them and donating the cash. Selling first triggers capital gains tax. Donating the shares in kind generally avoids it entirely, while still producing a full donation receipt for the fair market value.
Business owners have an even larger opportunity sitting inside a holding company or investment portfolio, and it is very commonly overlooked because philanthropy and corporate tax planning tend to happen in two separate conversations, if they happen at all.